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Symmetric encryption is preferred when performance is critical due to its inherent efficiency in processing speed and lower computational overhead compared to asymmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption algorithms, such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), utilize the same key for both encryption and decryption, enabling faster execution as they require less complex calculations. This makes symmetric encryption particularly suitable for large volumes of data and situations where speed is essential.

In contrast, asymmetric encryption involves more computationally intensive algorithms that use a pair of keys (public and private keys). While asymmetric encryption provides advantages in terms of security and key distribution, the trade-off is slower performance, making it less ideal for scenarios where quick data processing is essential. Therefore, when a high performance is a fundamental requirement, symmetric encryption is the preferred choice.